2021-01-20

[WPF] 在单元测试中使用 Prism 的 EventAggregator,订阅到 ThreadOption.UIThread 会报错

1. 问题

[TestClass]public class UnitTest1{ [TestMethod] public void TestMethod1() {  ContainerLocator.Container.Resolve<TestViewModel>(); }}public class TestViewModel{ public TestViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) {  var testEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<TestEvent>();  testEvent.Subscribe(() => { }, ThreadOption.UIThread); }}public class TestEvent : PubSubEvent{}

上面是一段使用了 Prism 的单元测试,它主要的逻辑是在 EventAggregator 中订阅了 TestEvent,当接收到消息后在 UI 线程上执行后续的逻辑。这种代码在正常程序中没有问题,但在单元测试中会报错:

System.InvalidOperationException: To use the UIThread option for subscribing, the EventAggregator must be constructed on the UI thread.

2. 原因

翻翻源码,可以发现这个 Exception 在 PubSubEvent 的 Subscribe 函数中抛出:

switch (threadOption){ case ThreadOption.PublisherThread:  subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);  break; case ThreadOption.BackgroundThread:  subscription = new BackgroundEventSubscription(actionReference);  break; case ThreadOption.UIThread:  if (SynchronizationContext == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.EventAggregatorNotConstructedOnUIThread);  subscription = new DispatcherEventSubscription(actionReference, SynchronizationContext);  break; default:  subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);  break;

SynchronizationContext 为 null 时就会判断当前不在 UI 线程,然后抛出 Exception。而 SynchronizationContext 又是在 EventAggregator 中赋值:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;public TEventType GetEvent<TEventType>() where TEventType : EventBase, new(){ lock (events) {  EventBase existingEvent = null;  if (!events.TryGetValue(typeof(TEventType), out existingEvent))  {   TEventType newEvent = new TEventType();   newEvent.SynchronizationContext = syncContext;   events[typeof(TEventType)] = newEvent;   return newEvent;  }  else  {   return (TEventType)existingEvent;  } }}

问题就出在 SynchronizationContext.Current 这里。这个属性用于获取当前线程的同步上下文。不是每一个线程都有一个 SynchronizationContext 对象。一个总是有 SynchronizationContext 对象的是UI线程。由于单元测试并不是运行在 UI 线程,所以这个属性在单元测试中一直为 null。

3. 解决方案

现在我们知道问题原因了,解决方案也很简单,只要自定义一个 EventAggregator,源码全部照抄,但是把这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;

替换成这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = new SynchronizationContext();

就不会出现 PubSubEvent 中 SynchronizationContext 等于 null 的情况了。然后再把这个类注册到容器中作为 IEventAggregator:

ContainerLocator.Current.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>();

4. 最后

根据单元测试项目的结构,容器的初始化会有不同的方式,如果想尽量模仿 PrismApplication 的话可以参考 PrismApplicationBase 和 PrismInitializationExtensions 写一个初始化类,大概差不多这样(简化了部分代码):

[TestClass]public abstract class TestInitializerBase{ public void Initialize() {  ContainerLocator.SetContainerExtension(() => new UnityContainerExtension());  ContainerExtension = ContainerLocator.Current;  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IDialogService, DialogService>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleInitializer, ModuleInitializer>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleManager, ModuleManager>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<RegionAdapterMappings>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionManager, RegionManager>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionNavigationContentLoader, RegionNavigationContentLoader>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, EventAggregator>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionViewRegistry, RegionViewRegistry>();  ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionBehaviorFactory, RegionBehaviorFactory>();  ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournalEntry, RegionNavigationJournalEntry>();  ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournal, RegionNavigationJournal>();  ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationService, RegionNavigationService>();    RegisterRequiredTypes(ContainerExtension); } public IContainerExtension ContainerExtension { get; private set; } protected abstract void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry);}public class TestInitializer : TestInitializerBase{ [AssemblyInitialize] public static void InitializeAseemble(TestContext testContext) {  var testInitializer = new TestInitializer();  testInitializer.Initialize(); } protected override void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry) {  containerRegistry.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>(); }}

这样在 TestInitializer 中可以注册各种方便单元测试的伪对象。









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1.问题[TestClass]publicclassUnitTest1{[TestMethod]publicvoidTestMethod1(){ContainerLocator.Container.Resolve<TestViewModel>();}}publicclassTestViewModel{publicTestViewModel(IEventAggregatoreventAg
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